Final answer:
DNA isolation is the process of extracting DNA from cells using a lysis buffer, enzymes, and alcohol precipitation for further biological analysis and applications.
Step-by-step explanation:
DNA isolation is the process of extracting DNA from viruses or cells. This involves various steps such as breaking open the cell using a lysis buffer, using enzymes to inactivate other macromolecules like proteins and RNA, and then precipitating the DNA with alcohol. The precipitated DNA usually appears as a gelatinous, white mass and can be stored for years at -80°C for future analysis. Techniques like gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and blotting methods are used to analyze and manipulate nucleic acids post-extraction. DNA isolation is essential for many biological studies and applications, including research, medical diagnostics, and forensics.