Final answer:
The percentage of male children who will be color blind if their mother is a carrier for sex-linked color blindness is 50%, due to the inheritance patterns of X-linked recessive traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
The percentage of male children of a female carrier for sex-linked color blindness who would also be color blind is 50%.
Sex-linked traits such as color blindness are often inherited in a recessive manner on the X chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, a son of a carrier mother has a 50% chance of inheriting the X chromosome with the color blindness allele and, consequently, being color blind. A daughter will not be affected because she will inherit an X chromosome from her father as well, giving her a normal copy of the gene. If a female is to be colorblind, she would need to inherit the color blindness allele from both parents, which is less common.
The science behind this is understood by looking at the sex chromosomes of males (XY) and females (XX). Since females carry two X chromosomes, they can carry the allele for color blindness without being affected by it, as they have another X chromosome with a normal version of the gene. Fathers cannot pass X-linked traits such as color blindness to their sons because they provide the Y chromosome, which determines male sex.