Final answer:
The statement is true; enzymes require a specific 3-D shape to function, and alterations to this shape can render them inactive, as explained by the induced-fit model.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that an enzyme whose 3-D shape or conformation is altered will become inactive is true. Enzyme functioning is critically dependent on its three-dimensional structure, especially the shape of the active site. The induced-fit model of enzyme action explains that enzymes undergo conformational changes when binding substrate molecules.
After catalysis, enzymes typically revert to their original structure. However, if the structure of the enzyme is compromised due to factors like extreme temperatures, pH changes, or other environmental conditions, the enzyme may lose its functionality because the active site shape may no longer be complementary to the substrate, leading to the enzyme being unable to bind to the substrate and catalyze the reaction properly.