Final answer:
The three stages of Phinney's model of identity development are diffusion, where there is no identity commitment; foreclosure, where commitments are made without self-exploration; and moratorium, characterized by active exploration of different identities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three stages of Phinney's model of identity development are as follows:
- Diffusion - This is the stage where adolescents have not yet embarked on any deliberate quests for identity and have not made any commitments. They might be avoiding the challenges of identity development.
- Foreclosure - In this stage, the individual commits to an identity without exploring options. Often, this identity is chosen for them by their parents or authority figures.
- Moratorium - Here, adolescents are actively exploring and trying on new identities, looking for what truly fits them. This stage involves a process of experimentation and self-exploration.
- Achievement - This final stage is marked by a commitment to a particular identity after a period of exploration and self-discovery.
It's important to recognize the developmental challenges during adolescence, including 'identity versus role confusion,' where a strong sense of identity leads to better outcomes in adulthood, whereas a lack of it can lead to confusion about the future.