Final answer:
The coenzymes involved in electron and hydrogen ion transport are NAD+ and FAD, with FMN and CoQ also playing crucial roles in electron transfer within the mitochondria's inner membrane.
Step-by-step explanation:
The coenzymes involved in the transport of electrons and hydrogen ions are NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). These coenzymes participate in oxidation-reduction reactions, where they accept electrons and protons. The first electron acceptor from NADH or FADH₂ is flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which becomes reduced to FMNH₂. FMN is part of Complex I, which also consists of iron-sulfur clusters that facilitate electron transfer to coenzyme-Q (CoQ or ubiquinone). CoQ then moves within the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane transferring electrons to Complex III. Similarly, FADH₂ transfers electrons to CoQ via Complex II, which although part of the electron transport chain, does not pump protons. CoQ can also become a semiubiquinone radical by accepting only one electron.
Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is another key component of the electron transport chain and acts as a mobile electron carrier between Complex III and Complex IV within the inner mitochondrial membrane.