Final answer:
A company utilizing the marketing concept engages in market research at multiple stages of product development, including before, during, and after development, to ensure products meet customer demand and facilitate product differentiation. so, option C is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a company adopts the marketing concept, it typically engages in market research throughout various stages of product development. Market research can be conducted before products are developed, during the product development process, and after products are developed but before marketing begins. This approach ensures that customer needs and preferences are taken into account, and that the products developed are likely to meet market demand. Utilizing methods like interviewing customers, reviewing technical databases, and consulting experts, companies can inform their design choices with valuable insights. Tools like a concept combination table and a concept screening matrix help in the systematic exploration and selection of design ideas, ensuring the final product aligns with customer needs and stands out in the competitive market.
Having an ongoing market research mechanism is crucial as it enhances product differentiation and development of technologies which can be reused and provide a competitive advantage. Despite debates on the necessity of variety in market-oriented economies, the ability to differentiate and cater to diverse consumer preferences is often seen as beneficial, encouraging innovation and offering choices to consumers.