Final answer:
For each Acetyl-CoA molecule that enters the TCA cycle, 12 ATPs are produced. This cycle operates in the mitochondrial matrix. Acetyl-CoA is also involved in other metabolic processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The TCA cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or Citric Acid Cycle, produces ATP alongside other molecules that facilitate ATP production through the electron transport chain (ETC). Each Acetyl-CoA that enters the TCA cycle results in the production of 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP (which is the equivalent of ATP).
Because NADH produces 3 ATPs when oxidized through the ETC and FADH2 produces 2 ATPs, one round of the TCA cycle yields 3 (NADH) x 3 (ATP/NADH) + 1 (FADH2) x 2 (ATP/FADH2) + 1 (GTP) = 12 ATPs per Acetyl-CoA molecule.
The TCA cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of the cell. The Acetyl-CoA can either enter the TCA cycle or be used in other metabolic pathways such as synthesis of lipids or cholesterol depending on the cell's type and nutritional state. Therefore, the role of Acetyl-CoA is central to cellular respiration and energy production.