Final answer:
The market revolution, advances in transportation, and the Industrial Revolution were the key elements that transformed the economic landscape in the first half of the nineteenth century.
Step-by-step explanation:
The elements that contributed to the transformation of the economic landscape in the first half of the nineteenth century were the market revolution, advances in transportation, and the Industrial Revolution.
The market revolution saw a transition from home production to factory production, with supply, demand, and price becoming more important than social relationships in economic transactions.
Advances in transportation, such as the steam engine and steam locomotive, allowed for faster and more efficient movement of goods and people.
The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States and other countries, involved the use of power-driven machinery that increased productivity and transformed various industries.