Final answer:
The mutual symbiosis between fungi and plants is called mycorrhiza. This relationship benefits plants by improving water and nutrient absorption, and benefits fungi through access to plant-produced sugars.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants is known as mycorrhiza. In a mycorrhizal association, plants provide fungi with sugars produced through photosynthesis. In return, fungi help plants by extending their root systems for better absorption of water and nutrients from the soil, which is essential for plant growth. This mutualistic interaction benefits both the plant and the fungus, exemplifying a harmonious form of mutualism in the natural world.
Mycorrhizae are crucial for most vascular plants, with approximately 90% of them forming such partnerships. The extensive network of fungal hyphae aids in the efficient transfer of soil nutrients to the plants, while the fungus receives vital carbon compounds in exchange. This relationship also benefits both parties by enhancing the plant's water uptake capabilities and providing the fungus with the energy required to grow and reproduce.