Final answer:
Lab tests are used to identify acidosis and alkalosis by measuring pH, CO₂ partial pressure, and HCO3-. They can determine whether the imbalance is respiratory or metabolic, as well as the extent of compensatory mechanisms. Metabolic acid-base imbalances often arise from kidney disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lab tests for pH, CO₂ partial pressure (PCO₂), and HCO3- can identify acidosis and alkalosis, indicating whether the imbalance is respiratory or metabolic, and the extent to which compensatory mechanisms are working. The blood pH value, as shown in Table 26.3, indicates whether the blood is in acidosis, the normal range, or alkalosis. The PCO₂ and total HCO3 values aid in determining whether the condition is metabolic or respiratory, and whether the patient has been able to compensate for the problem. Metabolic acid-base imbalances typically result from kidney disease, and the respiratory system usually responds to compensate.