Final answer:
The European intrusion caused significant debates, controversies, and conflicts, including clashes over land ownership, European exploitation of resources, cultural and religious upheavals, and socio-political dynamics resulting in uprooted indigenous societies and global power shifts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The debates, controversies, and conflicts generated by European intrusion within each of the societies included in the discussion are vast and varied. European expansion via exploration, colonization, and trade disrupted existing societal structures and generated conflict over land ownership and resource control. The European practice of viewing land as a source of wealth and the biblical mandate to subdue and utilize the earth clashed dramatically with the indigenous views, which often lacked the concept of private land ownership. European expansionism not only led to appropriation and exploitation of lands but also brought about new diseases, servitude, and slavery, and affected the cultural and religious fabric of indigenous populations.
Population movement changed old world societies and sparked massive upheaval among indigenous people in the Americas. Europeans brought different concepts of ownership, destructive weapons of war, and devastating diseases. Many locals were forced into servitude or slavery, converted to new religions, and had their land and wealth confiscated, which led to a plethora of societal changes and generated various conflicts.
Moreover, conflicts within Europe, including wars over territory and religion, set the scene for the geopolitical dynamics and conflicts of later centuries, including trade expansion that disrupted indigenous populations worldwide. The resulting upheavals, therefore, were a mixture of socio-economic, cultural, and political dynamics, all shaped by the European intrusion into various societies.