Final answer:
The heel bone is anatomically known as the calcaneus. It is the largest tarsal bone in the posterior part of the foot, resting on the ground and supporting body weight transferred from the talus and the ankle joint.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anatomical term for the “heel bone” is the calcaneus. It is the largest of the seven tarsal bones that form the posterior part of the foot. The talus bone, which is located superior to the calcaneus, articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, transferring body weight to the calcaneus which then rests on the ground.
The other options provided, such as talus, Achilles, and cuneiform, are related parts of the foot and lower limb anatomy but do not represent the heel bone. Achilles refers to the Achilles tendon, not a bone, and the cuneiform bones are wedge-shaped bones that articulate with the navicular bone and lie anterior to the calcaneus. The talus is superior to the calcaneus and is involved directly in the ankle joint as opposed to being the heel bone itself.