Final answer:
Lower frequency vibrations cause the distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more. The place theory supports this idea by indicating that different frequencies vibrate specific areas of the membrane. Higher frequencies vibrate the membrane closer to its start, while lower ones are detected towards the apex.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lower frequency vibrations cause the distal end of the basilar membrane to vibrate more than the proximal end. This is in contrast to high frequency sounds, which stimulate the basilar membrane closer to the entrance port near the oval window.
The place theory of pitch perception illustrates this concept by suggesting that different areas of the basilar membrane are responsive to different sound frequencies. High frequencies vibrate the membrane near its beginning, while lower frequencies travel further along to the apex. This specific tuning results from the mechanical properties of the membrane, which is progressively wider and more flexible towards the apex, making it responsive to lower frequencies.
The extreme pitch sensitivity of the human ear is thought to be enhanced by an auditory "sharpening" mechanism, which facilitates high resolution in pitch detection.