Final answer:
In binaural hearing, the superior olivary nuclei of the pons play the largest role by analyzing differences in timing and volume of sounds received by both ears for localization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The aspect of binaural hearing, which is crucial for pinpointing the location of a sound, relies on the ability to compare auditory stimuli from both ears. The superior olivary nuclei of the pons play the largest role in this process. They receive auditory input from both ears and help determine the direction from which a sound originates by analyzing timing and volume differences.
The inferior colliculus is also significant, as it aids in relaying auditory signals to the thalamus and auditory cortex for perception. However, for the specific function of binaural hearing and localization of sound, the superior olivary complex’s contribution is more direct and therefore considered the most significant.