Final answer:
An ion is a charged atom that forms when it gains or loses electrons. Cations are positive ions formed by losing electrons, while anions are negative ions formed by gaining electrons. Ionic and covalent bonds are different types of bonds formed between atoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ions are charged atoms that form when an atom donates or accepts one or more negatively charged electrons. Cations are positive ions that form by losing electrons, while anions are negative ions that form by gaining electrons. Ionic bonds are formed between oppositely charged ions, while covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.