Final answer:
Society enforces norms through formal sanctions like laws and penalties for infractions, and informal sanctions which include societal approval and disapproval.
Step-by-step explanation:
Society enforces norms primarily through two methods: formal sanctions and informal sanctions. Formal sanctions involve established, written rules like laws, employee handbooks, and school codes of conduct. Examples include the criminal justice system, where breaking laws can lead to fines or imprisonment, and educational institutes, where adherence to rules may result in academic recognition. Informal sanctions are more subtle and involve social pressures and community oversight. For instance, a person may receive societal approval for good conduct, such as praise for helping an elderly person, or face disapproval and social ostracism for norm violations, like being avoided for rude behavior.