Final answer:
Strict aerobes and facultative anaerobes are the two types of bacteria that fully process oxygen and contain enzymes like superoxide dismutase, and catalase or peroxidase, for oxidative stress detoxification.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two types of bacteria that process oxygen to the fullest extent and contain superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with catalase or peroxidase are strict aerobes and facultative anaerobes. Strict aerobes require oxygen for their survival and use aerobic respiration, effectively processing O₂ and using enzymes like catalase and SOD to detoxify byproducts such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Facultative anaerobes are very versatile; they can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. They typically have access to all three ATP-forming pathways and possess the enzymes required to protect the cells from oxidative damage. These bacteria can live aerobically when oxygen is available, performing aerobic respiration and thus would have a positive result on the catalase test due to the bubbling reaction that occurs when hydrogen peroxide is decomposed.