Final answer:
The inactivation of DAMPs during apoptosis is regulated by internal cellular checkpoints and the action of caspases, cytotoxic T cells releasing perforin and granzymes, and proteasome-mediated degradation of certain cellular complexes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The coordination of DAMPs (Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) inactivation during apoptosis is a complex process that involves various checkpoints and cellular mechanisms. When a cell is damaged or superfluous, internal checkpoints monitor the cell's health and can initiate apoptosis. Active caspases, proteolytic enzymes released during apoptosis, play a crucial role in this process by digesting cellular proteins and further signaling cells for phagocytosis.
Cytotoxic T cells also contribute to apoptosis by recognizing abnormal cells and releasing perforin and granzymes, which create pores in the target cell and induce it to undergo apoptosis. The coordinated action of proteasomes, which target complexes like Chk2-cyclin and P53-Mdm2 for degradation, helps in ensuring that cells unable to correct stress or repair DNA damage are eliminated. The apoptosis mechanism ensures that damaging molecules within the cell are not released during cell death, maintaining the integrity of surrounding tissues.