Final answer:
Policy makers focus on social welfare, science, technology, education, and business stimulus and regulation due to constraints, aiming for fair resource distribution and economic growth. They also consider the impact on different groups and the efficiency of the tax system. Domestic policy is often prioritized over foreign policy as it is more relevant to constituents.
Step-by-step explanation:
Policy makers generally focus on various constraints due to the complex and often challenging nature of public policy. The three major domestic policy areas they concentrate on include social welfare, science, technology, and education, and business stimulus and regulation. These areas represent the core concerns of policy advocates and policy analysts who work to shape public policy either through advocacy or through objective analysis of policy impacts, respectively. Policymakers must also consider the division of scarce resources and balance different interests to ensure fair redistribution and economic growth. Additionally, politicians pay close attention to who benefits or loses from policy decisions, also taking into account the economic effects of a tax system that aims to finance government spending without causing excessive inefficiencies.
High-income countries, in particular, are challenged with driving economic growth by fostering a better-educated workforce and implementing fiscal and monetary policies that promote investment in human capital, technology, and infrastructure. Meanwhile, domestic policy tends to overshadow foreign policy considerations for many legislators, as they are more inclined to focus on issues that resonate more directly with their constituents.