Final answer:
mRNA is the intermediary between DNA and the protein synthesis machinery, rRNA forms the core of the ribosome's structure and function, and tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly.
Step-by-step explanation:
mRNA is the working copy of the DNA blueprint. rRNA helps mRNA's message be decoded and coordinates with tRNA during protein synthesis. tRNA when proteins are being assembled, transfers amino acids into the ribosome so they may be joined into polypeptides or proteins.
Explanation in 200 words: In the intricate process of protein synthesis, several types of RNA play crucial roles. Initially, mRNA (messenger RNA) is synthesized from DNA in a process known as transcription. This mRNA carries the genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes, composed of rRNA (ribosomal RNA), read the instructions. The ribosomes serve as a platform where translation occurs, which is the reading of mRNA by the ribosomes to create a specific protein. tRNA (transfer RNA) plays a key role in translation by bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the codons on the mRNA sequence, thus constructing the protein's amino acid chain. Each mRNA codon translates to one amino acid, dictating the precise order amino acids are assembled in, to form polypeptides. Polypeptides then fold into functional proteins, essential for countless processes within living organisms.