Final answer:
A local, stimulus-induced change in the membrane potential of a receptor cell is referred to as a graded potential. It can result in either depolarization or hyperpolarization, influenced by the strength of the stimulus, ultimately affecting the generation of an action potential.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term referring to a local, stimulus-induced change in the membrane potential of a receptor cell is called graded potentials. These are temporary changes in the membrane voltage, and they are usually associated with the dendrites of a neuron. The characteristics of a graded potential, which include either depolarization or hyperpolarization, depend on the size of the stimulus.
For example, testing the temperature of the shower could elicit a graded potential in a thermoreceptor. Slightly warm water might initiate a small change, while hot water could cause a significant change in the membrane potential. These graded potentials are crucial because they determine whether an action potential will occur, which is necessary for neurons to send signals.