Final answer:
Light energy fuels the assembly of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates through e) photosynthesis, utilizing products of the light reactions, NADPH and ATP, in the Calvin Cycle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Light energy is harnessed through the process of photosynthesis, where it fuels the assembly of carbon dioxide and water into energy-storing carbohydrates. The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis, NADPH and ATP, are crucial for this process. Specifically, they are used in the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle, which synthesizes carbohydrates. It's important to clarify that fermentation, gluconeogenesis, chemiosmosis, and oxidation are different processes. Fermentation and respiration are processes by which cells produce ATP in the absence or presence of oxygen, respectively. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. Chemiosmosis is a method used to generate ATP in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration through a proton gradient. Finally, oxidation refers to the loss of electrons during a reaction, often associated with respiration.