Final answer:
The cerebellum is truly located on the dorsal surface of the brain, playing a key role in balance, movement coordination, and motor learning, connecting to the brainstem via three main peduncles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the cerebellum is located on the dorsal surface of the brain is true. The cerebellum is an integral part of the brain situated on the posterior side, above the brainstem, and is centralized on the pons. Its major role is to control balance, coordinate movement, and support the learning of new motor tasks. The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem via three main peduncles: the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP), and the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP).
Among its many functions, the cerebellum is involved in adjusting movements initiated by the cerebrum, by assessing sensory inputs and finely tuning motor actions. It's critical in executing movements that require precision, such as those needed for walking, and plays a role in cognitive functions.