Final answer:
The four main groups of fungi are Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, categorized by unique reproductive structures, with the recent addition of Glomeromycota known for mycorrhizal associations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four main groups of fungi and their corresponding phylum names are Chytridiomycota (Chytrids), Zygomycota (conjugated fungi), Ascomycota (sac fungi), and Basidiomycota (club fungi). Additionally, there is a recently described group known as Glomeromycota.
The Chytridiomycota are primarily aquatic fungi with flagellated spores, making them unique among fungi. The Zygomycota are mostly terrestrial and known for their zygospores. The Ascomycota, or sac fungi, are named for their characteristic sac-like structure, the ascus, which contains spores. The Basidiomycota, or club fungi, include familiar mushrooms and are distinguished by their basidium, where spores are produced. The Glomeromycota are known for forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots (mycorrhizae).