Final answer:
Renal failure or kidney failure is when the kidneys cannot filter blood waste well, often due to conditions like diabetic nephropathy or glomerulonephritis. Symptoms include low urine output and imbalances in body fluids and electrolytes. Early treatment is crucial to avoid severe complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Renal Failure
Renal failure, also known as kidney failure, is a medical condition where the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste products from the blood. Acute renal failure (ARF) is characterized by a rapid loss of renal function, notably by oliguria, which is an abnormally low urine output. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is commonly due to long-term conditions such as diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. The symptoms of renal failure can emerge suddenly or develop gradually over time, leading to serious health complications if left untreated.
Signs of kidney failure include a decrease in urine production, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and changes in blood work findings. Early detection and management are critical to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease, which may necessitate renal replacement therapy (RRT).
Common causes of acquired renal failure include diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and hydronephrosis, as well as other conditions such as interstitial nephritis, kidney stones, and kidney tumors. These underlying causes can lead to significant impairment in kidney function, resulting in the need for medical intervention.