Final answer:
Lewis electron-dot symbols represent valence electrons, which aid in correctly describing each element. Potassium (K) has one dot, corresponding to Group 1 elements; chlorine (Cl) has seven dots as part of Group 17; aluminum (Al) has three dots from Group 13; and nitrogen (N) has five dots associated with Group 15 of the periodic table.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the Lewis electron-dot symbols, we can match each element with its correct description by looking at their valence electrons. Elements in the same column of the periodic table have similar Lewis dot diagrams because of their valence shell electron configuration. For instance, elements like hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) would all have a single dot in their Lewis symbols, indicating just one valence electron typical of Group 1 elements.
Chlorine (Cl), on the other hand, belongs to Group 17 of the periodic table, which means its electron configuration ends with seven valence electrons, and thus its Lewis symbol will have seven dots around the Cl symbol. Similarly, aluminum (Al) being part of Group 13 would have three valence electrons, and nitrogen (N) being part of Group 15 would have five valence electrons, as indicated by the respective number of dots in their Lewis symbols.