Final answer:
The term 'cataracts' refers to the clouding of the lens in the eye, often leading to vision loss and associated with age or UV-B exposure; it is treatable with surgery and preventable through UV protection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The development of cataracts results in the loss of transparency of the lens of the eye. Cataracts are characterized by the clouding in the eye's lens leading to a loss of vision, and are primarily age-related, with a high prevalence among people aged 65 to 74. Exposure to UV-B rays can also increase the risk of developing cataracts. While cataracts can lead to blindness, particularly in regions like the equatorial belt where access to medical treatment might be limited, the condition is generally treatable.
Through a simple surgical procedure, the affected lens can be replaced with a plastic one, restoring vision. In terms of prevention, wearing sunglasses that block UV rays is recommended, with plastic lenses being more effective than glass in this regard.