Final answer:
In ethnomusicology, a guitar is classified as a chordophone, a category of stringed instruments. Different instrument classifications include wind, woodwind, brass, stringed, and percussion. Literary works often incorporate musical instruments to evoke emotions and set scenes.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the classification of musical instruments, one can refer to the common classification system used in ethnomusicology. In this system, a guitar would be classified as a chordophone, which is a category of instruments that produce sound through the vibration of strings. Examples of different types of instruments include wind instruments like the flute, woodwind instruments such as the clarinet, brass instruments like the trumpet, stringed instruments such as violins and guitars, and percussion instruments like drums.
From the provided excerpts, one can deduce that musical instruments have greatly influenced literary works, evoking emotions and setting scenes, from Shakespeare's plays to Walt Whitman's poetry. These instruments range from classical stringed instruments hinted at in 'Midsummer Night's Dream' to the haunting sounds of the wind instruments of ancient times, as described in the discussion of 'Medieval music - Puis qu'en oubli by Machaut.'