Final answer:
The process of adjusting the lens for close vision is called accommodation, which involves the ciliary muscles changing the thickness of the lens. Myopia and hyperopia are vision conditions corrected with lenses that alter the optical power, and presbyopia, the age-related loss of accommodation, is corrected with converging lenses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of changing the shape of the lens to view a close object is called accommodation. During accommodation, the ciliary muscles adjust the shape of the eye lens, making it thicker for close vision. This increased thickness makes the lens more converging, or powerful, allowing us to focus on nearby objects. As opposed to distant vision, where the lens is thinner and the eye is in a relaxed state, close vision requires the lens to be more powerful. Conditions such as nearsightedness (myopia) and farsightedness (hyperopia) alter how the eye focuses light, and they are respectively corrected with diverging and converging lenses to modify the optical power of the eye, so images fall appropriately on the retina.
Furthermore, the loss of the ability to accommodate with age is known as presbyopia, which requires the use of converging lenses to correct the reduced power for close vision. Cameras and digital photography also relate to the principles of accommodation, utilizing lens combinations and mechanisms like charge-coupled devices (CCDs) to focus on and record images.