Final answer:
The market value of a nation's total output of goods and services in relation to its population is referred to as the gross domestic product per capita, which provides a measure of the average economic well-being of a country's residents.
Step-by-step explanation:
The market value of a nation's total output of goods and services for a given period in relation to its population is gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita). The GDP per capita is a common measure used to compare standards of living among different countries, serving as a better indicator of average wealth and economic well-being than total GDP. This statistical measure is calculated by dividing a country's gross domestic product, which is the value of all goods and services produced within a country in a year, by its population.