Final answer:
Probiotics are live microorganisms that are beneficial to health when consumed in adequate amounts, and they are found in certain foods and dietary supplements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Living microorganisms found in foods and dietary supplements that, when consumed in sufficient quantities, are beneficial to health are called probiotics. These microorganisms include various bacteria and yeasts that contribute to the human microbiome. A healthy balance of these probiotics in the body is linked to numerous health benefits, such as improved digestion, enhanced immune function, and the potential prevention of certain diseases.
Probiotics must survive the harsh environment of the stomach to effectively reach and colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic supplements are often taken to help maintain or restore this balance, particularly after it has been disturbed by illness or the use of antibiotics. These beneficial bacteria are crucial for the fermentation and creation of foods like yogurt, cheese, and kefir, utilizing the traditional knowledge of biotechnology to promote health through diet.