Final answer:
The connective tissue coverings of the kidneys, from deep to superficial, are the renal capsule, perirenal fat capsule, and renal fascia. The internal structure includes the renal cortex, medulla, and pelvis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The connective tissue coverings of the kidneys are arranged from deep to superficial as follows:
- Renal capsule: The innermost layer that directly covers the kidney.
- Perirenal fat capsule: Sits outside the renal capsule and provides cushioning and insulation for the kidneys.
- Renal fascia: The outermost layer that anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures and ensures they maintain their position in the abdominal cavity.
The kidneys also have an internal structure consisting of the renal cortex, the renal medulla, and the renal pelvis. The medulla contains renal pyramids and is separated by renal columns, while the cortex contains nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys. The renal pelvis channels urine to the ureter.