Final answer:
The 2nd line of defense calls up maneuvers like non-specific chemical defenses or inflammation. The second line of defense in the immune system includes chemical defenses and inflammation. Chemical defenses can kill pathogens on body surfaces, while inflammation is a response to infection or injury.
Step-by-step explanation:
The second line of defense in the immune system includes chemical defenses and inflammation. Chemical defenses are produced by the body and can help kill pathogens on body surfaces, such as enzymes in sweat, saliva, and semen. Inflammation is a response to infection or injury, triggered by chemicals that cause blood vessels to dilate and attract white blood cells to the damaged area.
The non-specific chemical defenses include substances like interferons and complement proteins, which help inhibit the spread of infections. Inflammation is a protective response triggered by the immune system to eliminate harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It involves the recruitment of immune cells, release of chemical mediators, and increased blood flow to the affected area to enhance the body's ability to fight off infections and promote healing.