Final answer:
The branches of the aortic arch, starting with the branch closest to the heart, are the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The branches of the aortic arch, starting with the branch closest to the heart, are:
- Brachiocephalic artery: This single vessel on the right side of the body is the first branch of the aortic arch and gives rise to the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery.
- Left common carotid artery: This artery supplies blood to the head and neck.
- Left subclavian artery: This artery supplies blood to the upper limb and wall of the thoracic region, specifically under the clavicle.