Final answer:
True, dyspnea refers to labored or difficult breathing, often associated with feelings of tightness in the chest. Hypoventilation is under-breathing with insufficient air flow, leading to increased carbon dioxide levels, while hyperpnea or forced breathing involves active muscle contractions during inhalation and exhalation. The diaphragm can indeed contract under conscious control.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, labored breathing is indeed termed dyspnea. Dyspnea is characterized by difficult or uncomfortable breathing and is often described as a feeling of breathlessness or tightness in the chest. It is a common symptom of various conditions, including respiratory and cardiac diseases. On the other hand, hypoventilation refers to under-breathing, where there is an inadequate flow of air into the lungs, leading to high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. This contrasts with hyperventilation, which is fast and often deeper breathing, leading to low levels of carbon dioxide.
The diaphragm can contract due to conscious control, which is a true statement. This muscle plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and flattening to enlarge the thoracic cavity during inhalation.