Final answer:
It is false that two amino acids with different R groups can have the same identity, as the R group defines each amino acid's unique character and properties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement is false: Two amino acids can have different R groups, but still have the same identity. Each amino acid is defined by its unique R group or side chain. While the basic structure of amino acids consists of a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group (-NHâ‚‚), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a hydrogen atom, it is the variable R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another. Therefore, two amino acids with different R groups have different identities. The chemical properties and contributions to protein structure and function are unique to each of the 20 common amino acids due to the variability of their R groups.