Final answer:
The phase of the cell cycle responsible for dividing the cell into two equal halves is known as mitosis, which follows interphase and ends with cytokinesis, creating two identical daughter cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle when the cell divides into two equal halves. This division is essential for growth and regeneration.
The cell cycle consists of two primary parts: interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, which is comprised of the G1, S, and G2 stages, the cell grows, carries out normal functions, and prepares for division by replicating DNA. The mitotic phase follows interphase and includes both mitosis and cytokinesis. During mitosis, the nucleus of the cell divides, ensuring that each new cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. Lastly, cytokinesis takes place to divide the cytoplasm, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
Mitosis involves several steps, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, which ensure that the genetic material is accurately and equally separated. Once mitosis is completed, cytokinesis finalizes the cell division process, marking the end of the mitotic phase.