Final answer:
Government expenditures for purchase of goods and services absorb resources and contribute to national output, and such spending is included in the calculation of GDP. Transfer payments, in contrast, are not included in GDP as they do not represent purchases of new goods or services.
Step-by-step explanation:
Government expenditures on goods that absorb resources and are counted in national output are considered government spending on goods and services. These are expenditures that the government makes for the purchase of goods and services which have a direct impact on the economy by providing demand for business output. This category includes spending on infrastructure projects like new bridges, highways, airports, as well as procurement of goods like a new fighter jet for the Air Force. It's a significant part of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as government purchases of goods and services account for consumption that drives production, jobs, and income within the economy.
It is important to distinguish this type of spending from transfer payments, such as unemployment benefits or Social Security payments, which are not counted in demand or GDP because they do not correspond to the purchase of a new good or service. Instead, they are transfers of income from taxpayers to others and do not reflect the economy's production of goods and services.