Final answer:
Behavior therapy most likely employs classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was introduced by Pavlov, while operant conditioning was outlined by B.F. Skinner, both aim to modify behavior through associated stimuli and consequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of therapy most likely to use the principles from classical and operant conditioning is behavior therapy or behavioral modification therapy. Classical conditioning, originally discovered by Ivan Pavlov, involves pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the conditioned response. For example, in Pavlov's dog experiments, the dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, which initially did not affect them, by repeatedly pairing it with the presentation of food.
Operant conditioning, on the other hand, deals with modifying behavior through reinforcement or punishment after the behavior has been exhibited. An example of operant conditioning is B.F. Skinner's experiment with rats in a Skinner box, where rats learned to press a lever to receive food, associating this action with a positive outcome, thus reinforcing the behavior.
Both forms of conditioning are involved in shaping behaviors in therapy, where desired behaviors are reinforced while unwanted behaviors are extinguished. These conditioning principles are also applicable in animal training, where desired behaviors are reinforced with rewards and unwanted behaviors may be lessened with the absence of those rewards or with punishment (though the latter is less favored due to ethical concerns).