Final answer:
The motivation-hygiene theory, also known as the two-factor theory, was proposed by Frederick Herzberg and distinguishes between hygiene factors that prevent dissatisfaction and motivational factors that encourage job satisfaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two-factor theory—also known as the motivation-hygiene theory—was proposed by Frederick Herzberg. This theory suggests that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction (motivational factors), while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction (hygiene factors). According to Herzberg, hygiene factors, such as company policy, supervision, salary, interpersonal relations and working conditions, do not lead to higher levels of motivation, but if these factors are inadequate, they can lead to job dissatisfaction. Motivation factors, on the other hand, such as achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth, contribute to satisfaction and are effective in motivating workers to superior performance and effort.