Final answer:
People born in and owing allegiance to a country other than the one in which they live are referred to as aliens. This term distinguishes from immigrants, refugees, and unauthorized immigrants, each with different statuses and legal implications.
Step-by-step explanation:
People born in and owing allegiance to a country other than the one in which they live are referred to as aliens. This term is used in legal contexts to describe non-citizens residing in a country. Immigrants are those who move to a country with the intent to settle there, while refugees flee to another country to escape persecution, war, or disaster. Unauthorized immigrants, often called undocumented immigrants, are those who enter or stay in a country without proper legal permission.
Citizenship involves a set of rights and obligations, and permanent residents, while not citizens, also enjoy various legal rights in the country they reside in. Individuals might consider becoming citizens to gain full rights, including the right to vote and hold public office. Meanwhile, undocumented immigrants, despite lacking legal status, still have obligations such as obeying laws and paying taxes.
The discourse around immigration in the United States often revolves around illegal immigration, with discussions on its economic impact, cultural change, and the need for immigration reform.