Final answer:
The subject of the question is paleoclimatology, which is the science of studying past climates on Earth using proxy data.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of the question is paleoclimatology.
Paleoclimatology is the science of studying past climates on Earth using proxy data. Proxy data, such as fossils, ice cores, tree rings, and sediment cores, provide indirect evidence of past climate conditions. By analyzing these proxies, scientists can reconstruct a detailed record of Earth's climate over the recent geologic past.