Final answer:
A visual icon and an echoic memory are representations of visual encoding and acoustic encoding in sensory memory, where high-imagery concepts are more easily remembered due to stronger dual encoding.
Step-by-step explanation:
A visual icon of something you see and an echoic memory of something you hear are examples of sensory memory components, specifically visual encoding and acoustic encoding. Visual encoding refers to the processing and memorization of images or visual sensory information, like remembering the mental picture of a book or a dog. Acoustic encoding involves the processing and memorization of auditory information, similar to how one remembers a song or certain sounds. These memory processes demonstrate how, through the encoding of sensory input, concrete and abstract concepts are differently recalled and how high-imagery words can result in stronger memory formation due to the dual encoding visually and semantically.
Moreover, these processes show how our brain organizes information by identifying prototypes, such as the best example of a concept that comes to mind based on past experiences. Additionally, gestural or symbolic recognition in various cultures is tied to the concept of iconography, further illustrating the importance of visual aspects in information processing and memory.