Final answer:
Psychodynamic psychology differs from other psychological approaches in its focus on the unconscious mind and internal conflicts, as formulated by Freud and later neo-Freudians. Behaviorism and social learning focus on observable behaviors and environmental influences, while humanistic psychology emphasizes innate potential and personal agency.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychodynamic psychology, as established by Sigmund Freud, is distinct from other psychological approaches primarily due to its focus on the inner workings of the mind. Unlike behaviorism, which concentrates on observable behavior, psychodynamic theories delve into the unconscious mind, proposing that it greatly influences conscious thoughts and behaviors. Freud introduced structural elements to the psyche: the id, ego, and superego. Moreover, other influential figures, such as Carl Jung and Karen Horney, extended Freud's ideas, emphasizing various aspects of the social environment and culture in personality development.
The learning approaches, such as behaviorism and social learning theory, argue that behavior is primarily shaped by learning from the environment, with theorists like B.F. Skinner, Albert Bandura, and Julian Rotter providing key insights. They stress the importance of reinforcements, consequences, observational learning, self-efficacy, and locus of control in personality development. Humanistic psychology, with proponents like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, emerged as a reaction to the perceived limitations of psychodynamic and behaviorist perspectives, highlighting innate human potential and personal agency.