Final answer:
The correct order of the alimentary canal layers from innermost to outermost is: Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, and Serosa. The mucosa is the inner lining that comes into contact with food, followed by the supportive submucosa, the muscularis with muscle layers that aid in digestion, and the serosa providing an outer covering.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four tissue layers of the alimentary canal, from innermost to outermost, are correctly listed as option C: Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, and Serosa.
The mucosa is the innermost layer and has direct contact with the digestive contents. It is involved in secretion and absorption. Just above the mucosa is the submucosa, a layer of dense connective tissue which provides the mucosa with support, contains blood and lymphatic vessels for nutrient transport, and houses the submucosal plexus of nerves.
The next layer is the muscularis (or muscularis externa), which typically has an inner circular muscle layer and an outer longitudinal muscle layer that aid in peristalsis and mechanical digestion. Lastly, the serosa is the outermost layer, composed of visceral peritoneum overlying loose connective tissue, which helps to structurally support and protect the digestive tract.