Final answer:
To be born a purebred shape-shifter, both of Jacob Black's parents must have had a genotype of SS. If one parent had a genotype of SS and the other parent had a genotype of Ss, there would be a 50% chance of Jacob inheriting the recessive allele (s), resulting in a genotype of Ss.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order for Jacob Black to be a purebred shape-shifter (having genotype SS), both of his parents must have had at least one dominant allele of the shape-shifting gene. Since Jacob's genotype is SS, both of his parents must have had a genotype of SS as well. If one of Jacob's parents had a genotype of SS and the other parent had a genotype of Ss, there would be a 50% chance of Jacob inheriting the recessive allele (s) from the Ss parent, resulting in a genotype of Ss.