Final answer:
During meiotic cell division, chromosomes become visible as chromatin condenses during prophase, then align and separate through metaphase and anaphase, followed by the reformation of nuclear envelopes in telophase, culminating in the production of haploid cells after cytokinesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Detailed description of the appearance and location of chromosomes, nuclear envelope, and spindle during the stages of meiotic cell division:
Prophase I: Chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes; the nuclear envelope breaks into vesicles and the nucleolus disappears. Centrosomes move to opposite poles and microtubules start forming the mitotic spindle.
Metaphase II: Spindle fibers align the sister chromatids of each chromosome along the cell's equator.
Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.
Telophase II and Cytokinesis: The spindle breaks down, new nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes, and the cell undergoes cytokinesis to form four haploid cells, each with a unique combination of chromosomes.
During Prophase II of Meiosis II, the nuclear envelope dissolves again and spindles begin to form. As for Anaphase I, spindle fibers shorten and homologous chromosomes separate. Telophase I sees the formation of new nuclear envelopes and concludes with cytokinesis, leading to two haploid daughter cells poised for Meiosis II, without further DNA replication.