Final answer:
The statistical test in question is a proportion hypothesis test, which would be used to verify the AAA's claim about driver error in accidents against a sample of 30 accidents. Additionally, crumple zones in cars protect passengers by increasing the time of impact during a crash.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to testing a hypothesis about a proportion using a real world context, specifically involving driver error in fatal auto accidents. Given that the American Automobile Association claims that driver error is the cause of about 54% of all fatal auto accidents, we want to test this claim against a sample of 30 accidents where 14 were caused by driver error. To conduct this test, we would use a statistical method such as a proportion hypothesis test with an alpha level (α) of 0.05 to determine if the sample data significantly differs from the AAA's stated proportion.
Concerning the concept related to collision theory from the question, crumple zones in cars are designed to protect the passengers during a crash. The correct answer to the question 'How does this help protect the passengers?' is option a, which states: 'It reduces injury to the passengers by increasing the time of impact.' This is because increasing the time over which the impact occurs reduces the force experienced by the passengers according to the Impulse-Momentum Theorem.