Final Answer:
Nonmetals are elements that typically lack metallic properties such as conductivity, luster, and malleability. They tend to be brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and have varying states of matter at room temperature. Four examples of nonmetallic elements include oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and carbon (C).
Step-by-step explanation:
Nonmetals exhibit distinct properties that differentiate them from metals and metalloids. They lack the characteristics of metals such as conductivity, malleability, and ductility. Instead, nonmetals are generally brittle in solid form, have lower melting and boiling points, and often exist in gaseous or brittle solid states at room temperature. They typically have high electronegativity and tend to gain electrons when forming compounds, contributing to their ability to create covalent bonds.
Oxygen (O), a key component in the atmosphere, is a nonmetal that exists as a diatomic gas and plays a vital role in sustaining life through respiration. Nitrogen (N), another diatomic nonmetal gas, constitutes the majority of Earth's atmosphere and is essential for various biological processes.
Sulfur (S) is a yellow, brittle solid nonmetal known for its role in compounds like sulfuric acid and its presence in proteins. Carbon (C) is a versatile nonmetal that forms the basis of organic chemistry and is found in various forms, including graphite and diamond.
Understanding the properties of nonmetals is crucial in comprehending their applications in various fields, from biology and chemistry to materials science. Their distinct characteristics and behavior when forming compounds are fundamental to numerous natural and synthetic processes, contributing significantly to the diversity and complexity of matter.