Final answer:
Confidentiality and encryption are key elements of HIPAA security rule violations and safe harbors.
Step-by-step explanation:
A lack of confidentiality is the top HIPAA security rule violation; encryption is the only safe harbor offered by HIPAA. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) sets the standards for the protection of patient information. It requires businesses to maintain strict confidentiality of patient records and to use encryption to protect patient data.